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For articles with similar or identical titles to "dolphins", see "dolphins (disambiguation)".

The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), also known as the bottlenose dolphin, is the most common and best-known dolphin. Dolphin, in ancient China, was called fish beast or fish civet, which means pig. }} (also known as jellyfish) Agg and dolphin fish are the collective name for some small toothed whales, mostly referring to Delphinidae (scientific name: Delphinidae), broadly referring to Delphinidae, Porpoiseidae and freshwater dolphins, and Various types of prehistoric small toothed whales, such as Ken's Delphinidae, Stegodonidae, Waipesh Delphinidae, etc. In addition, black whales such as pilot whales and killer whales are classified into the Delphinidae family in biological taxonomy, so they are essentially dolphins. However, because of their larger size, they are generally excluded from dolphins in non-academic daily expressions. outside.

Dolphins live widely in shallow sea areas near the continental shelves of the world's oceans. They are also found in brackish waters near inland seas and river estuaries. Some species are found in inland rivers. They usually like to live in groups and hunt fish, squid, etc. Their trunks are spindle-shaped, their skin is smooth and hairless, their bodies are strong and flexible, and they are good at jumping and swimming. They are the fastest mammals in the water. It has a developed sonar system, mainly relies on echolocation function when moving, and has excellent hearing both in water and in the air. The nostrils are on the top of the head and are used for breathing out water. The body size ranges from 1 meter long and 30 kilograms (pygmy dolphin) to 9.5 meters long and 14 tons (killer whale), and the morphological characteristics are also different.

Dolphins are one of the animals with the highest IQ. Some species have complex brain sulci and good memory. They can learn many actions under human training and have a gentle, friendly, lively and active personality. They are universally loved by people all over the world.

evolution Dolphins, as well as whales and porpoises, evolved from land mammals. Their ancestors may be closest to the artiodactyla species, similar in appearance to wolves, and belong to the extinct mesotherian family. They entered the water life during the Eocene epoch 50 million years ago. During this process, their originally coated body surface turned into smooth skin with a thick layer of fat inside to insulate them from the cold water. Their body shape became streamlined, suitable for swimming in water. Their outer ear structures gradually disappeared, and their noses moved. The top of the head becomes a breathing hole to facilitate breathing at the surface.

In the skeleton of modern dolphins, there are two rod-shaped bones located in the pelvis that are thought to be vestigial hind legs. In October 2006, a special bottlenose dolphin was captured in Japan. It had two fins next to its genital slit, a feature that scientists believe is a significant development result of vestigial limbs. echolocation

Example image of dolphin echolocation Its head contains spermaceti for echolocation. The principle of echolocation of dolphins is the same as that of bats. One part is used to make sounds and the other part receives the echoes. When making sounds, the forehead focuses the sound waves into bundles of parallel lines and sends them out. When listening, the bone tissue of the jaw focuses scattered sound waves toward the inner ear at the back of the jaw. Dolphins judge the distance and size of obstacles ahead based on the strength of the echo. The echolocation function gives dolphins the ability to hunt in the dark environment of the deep sea.